Chapter 1: Understanding Neurodiversity
By donna bedford · Read online
This isn’t just about neurodiversity. It’s about redesigning the web for the minds that are already here.
The ones scanning for patterns. Masking their effort. Navigating systems that were never built for them.
This is the Shift to Seen.
From average users to actual people.
From tolerance to true inclusion. From silent struggle to systems that serve.
Now let’s start with the basics. What is Neurodiversity?
Neurodiversity is the understanding that there’s no single “normal” way to think. It includes a range of neurological differences – like ADHD, autism, dyslexia, dyspraxia, Tourette’s, OCD, and others – that affect how people learn, communicate, and interact with the world.
These aren’t conditions to “fix.”
They’re cognitive variations to understand.
I didn’t grow up with a diagnosis. I grew up adapting.
I was a quiet kid. Piano, books, and coding were my lanes. I spent a lot of time in my own world – and for good reason: I was deaf. Profoundly. And by the time sound arrived, I had already built my world in silence.
It wasn’t until I was around thirteen that science caught up and gave me sound. Now, AI gave me voice or at least the words I needed to tell my story.
Of course, back then, I’d already developed ways of working around what I couldn’t hear. I read lips. I watched patterns. I built rules for how the world worked. I got good at fitting in.
That skill – fitting in – is something a lot of neurodivergent people become experts in. We don’t always know why things feel harder, louder, messier. But we know how to adjust. We mask. We mimic. We work twice as hard to seem like we’re working half as hard.
And we often burn out.
When I was finally diagnosed with ADHD as an adult, it wasn’t a crisis. It was a shift—a quiet, powerful realignment that brought relief.
Suddenly, the scattered thoughts, the hyperfocus, the time distortion, the emotional intensity – it all made sense. I wasn’t broken. I was built differently.
And that realization made me look at everything differently – including the digital systems I’d worked in for years.
1.1 What Breaks Our Brains
If you want to know what digital design feels like for many neurodivergent users, imagine walking into a library where every book cover is blinking. Where the shelves change order every time you look away. Where the signs say clever things like “Knowledge Hub” instead of “Fiction.” This is my world. Is it all neurodiverse people’s world? Probably not. We all think differently after all. Don’t you?
That’s how the internet hits me sometimes. Flashing pop-ups, inconsistent layouts, vague menu labels, autoplay videos, hidden navigation – it’s exhausting.
I remember when the BBC rolled out a redesign that was supposed to improve accessibility. Fonts were bigger. Colors were of higher contrast. Layouts were simplified. On paper, it ticked all the boxes. But for me, it broke something.
I couldn’t process it anymore. My brain couldn’t track the flow of text. The spacing was off. The rhythm was gone. It was like trying to dance to a song that kept changing tempo. I had to retrain myself just to consume the news again. It took months. It’s still not the same, bearable but no longer a daily activity that I enjoy anymore.
The site was technically accessible. But not cognitively usable, or at least for me.
And that’s the gap most teams don’t know they’re leaving wide open –
the space between accessibility and actual usability.
1.2 Friction, Fatigue, and Function
Neurodivergent people are often pattern driven. We notice what repeats. We build mental scaffolding around predictable flows. When a system breaks that flow – by moving layouts mid-scroll, hiding progress bars, or removing back buttons – it doesn’t just confuse us. It fatigues us.
Cognitive fatigue is real. It’s the silent killer of engagement.
I don’t shop in stores if I can help it. I don’t want to be approached, sold to, or interrupted. Online, I want to search, filter, decide. I want to opt into complexity – not be hit with it upfront.
The systems that work best for me aren’t the prettiest or the trendiest. They’re the ones that let me complete a task without testing my patience or cognition.
Tools that reduce friction earn trust. Not because they’re beautiful – but because they’re navigable.
Search. Filter. Add to cart. Done. That doesn’t mean I want a rigid sequence.
It means I want clarity without surprise. Autonomy without confusion.
The goal isn’t linearity – it’s predictable flow with flexible control. That’s what creates calm.
And calm earns trust.
1.3 The Invisible Workload
Most people think accessibility is about what you can do.
But for neurodivergent users, it’s often about how hard it is to do it.
That BBC site? I could still read it. Technically. But it took ten times the effort. Every line was harder. Every pause was longer. Everything that had been familiar, comfortable—wasn’t quite right anymore. And no one saw that cost but me.
That’s the invisible workload we carry.
The extra clicks. The double-checking. The mental resets. The time spent recovering from a website that felt like a sensory attack.
And we almost never tell you.
We just leave.
That’s why inclusive design isn’t just a nice-to-have.
It’s a retention strategy.
1.4 When You Know, You Can Change It
Getting diagnosed with ADHD didn’t change who I was. But it gave me a framework to understand the systems I struggled with – and a language to advocate for something better.
It also gave me insight into my own work. I’ve spent years helping brands show up in search, building SEO strategies that align with how people look for answers. But until my diagnosis, I didn’t fully grasp how differently some of us search. How differently we read. How differently we need things presented.
Since then, I’ve made it part of my practice to include neurodiversity in my conversations, in my work. Because it’s not an edge case. It’s a growing population – and it’s been underserved for too long.